NUTRA-BRL

IMMUNOMODULATORY

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

ANTIOXIDANT

ANTIMICROBIAL

ANTIVIRAL

ANTIFUNGAL

DETOXIFYING

ADAPTOGENIC

HYPOGLYCEMIC

CYTOPROTECTIVE

NEUROPROTECTIVE

ANTIPARASITIC

HEPATOPROTECTIVE

ANALGESIC

ANTIMUTAGENIC

Lyme disease

Goc, A., & Rath, M. (2016). The anti-borreliae efficacy of phytochemicals and micronutrients: an
update. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 3(3-4), 75-82. Full Article

Alzheimer’s disease

Snow, A. D., Castillo, G. M., Nguyen, B. P., Choi, P. Y.,Cummings, J. A., Cam, J., ... & Kirschner, D. A. (2019). The Amazon rainforest plant Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw) and its specific proanthocyanidin constituents are potent inhibitors and reducers of both brain plaques and tangles. Scientific Reports 9(1), 561.Full Article

ANXIETY

Bigliani, M. C., Rosso, M. C., Zunino, P. M., Baiardi, G., & Ponce,A. A. (2013). Anxiogenic-like effects ofUncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. aqueous extract in an elevated plus maze test inmice: a preliminary study. Natural product research, 27(18), 1682-1685. Full Article

‍BLADDER CANCER

Dietrich, F., Kaiser,S., Rockenbach, L., Figueiró, F., Bergamin, L. S., da Cunha, F. M., ... &Battastini, A. M. O. (2014). Quinovicacid glycosides purified fraction from Uncaria tomentosa induces cell death byapoptosis in the T24 human bladder cancer cell line. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 67, 222-229. Full Article

BRAIN CANCER

Prado, E. G., Gimenez,M. G., De la Puerta Vázquez, R., Sánchez, J. E., & Rodriguez, M. S. (2007). Antiproliferative effects ofmitraphylline, a pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid of Uncaria tomentosa on humanglioma and neuroblastoma cell lines. Phytomedicine, 14(4),280-284. Full Article

BREAST CANCER

Baraya, Y. U. S. A. B.,Wong, K. K., & Yaacob, N. S. (2017). The immunomodulatory potential of selected bioactive plant-based compounds in breast cancer: a review. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 17(6), 770-783. Full Article

García Giménez, M. D., García Prado, E., Sáenz Rodríguez, M. T., Fernández Arche, M. D. L. Á., & Puerta Vázquez-Zafra, R. D. L. (2010). Cytotoxic effect of the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark on human Ewing's sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines. Planta Medica, 76, 133-136. Full Article

Riva, L., Coradini, D., Di, G. F., De, V. F., De, N. T., De, F. S., & Pizza, C. (2001). The antiproliferative effects of Uncaria tomentosa extracts and fractions on the growth of breast cancer cell line. Anticancer Research, 21(4A), 2457-2461. Full Article

Araújo, S., do Carmo, M., Farias, I. L., Gutierres, J., Dalmora, S. L.,Flores, N., ... & Chitolina Schetinger, M. R. (2012). Uncaria tomentosa—adjuvant treatment for breast cancer: clinical trial. Evidence-BasedComplementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. Full Article

Cancer

Yuan, X., Sun, H., Liu, Y., Shiroshita,T., Kawano, S., Takeshi, S., ... & Zhang, Z. (2014). Anti-cancer activity comparisons of aqueous extracts from Inonotusobliquus, Cordyceps militaris and Uncaria tomentosa in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(6). Full Article

Magalhães, L. B., Fonseca, F., Cubero, D., & Del Giglio, A.(2018). Phase II Pilot Clinical Study of the Use of Uncaria tomentosa(Cat’s Claw) Combined with Paullinia cupana (Guarana) for the Treatment of Symptoms in Terminal Cancer Patienna (Guarana) for the Treatment of Symptoms in Terminal Cancer Patients. Journal of Natural Remedies, 18(2), 55-62. Full Article

Gurrola-Díaz, C. M., García-López, P. M.,Gulewicz, K., Pilarski, R., & Dihlmann, S. (2011). Inhibitory mechanisms of two Uncaria tomentosa extracts affecting the Wnt-signaling pathway. Phytomedicine, 18(8-9), 683-690. Full Article

Finney-Brown, T. (2010). Anticancer effects of Uncaria tomentosa. Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism, 22(4), 150-151. Full Article

CYSTITIS

Dietrich, F., Martins,J. P., Kaiser, S., Silva, R. B. M., Rockenbach, L., Edelweiss, M. I. A., ...& Battastini, A. M. O. (2015). The quinovic acid glycosides purified fraction from Uncaria tomentosa protects against hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. PloS one, 10(7), e0131882. Full Article

DENGUE FEVER

Reis, S. R. I., Valente,L. M., Sampaio, A. L., Siani, A. C., Gandini, M., Azeredo, E. L., ... &Kubelka, C. F. (2008). Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of Uncaria tomentosa on human monocytes infected with Dengue Virus-2. International Immunopharmacology,8(3), 468-476. Full Article

‍DENTURE STOMATITIS

Tay, L. Y., Dos Santos,F. A., & Jorge, J. H. (2015). Uncaria tomentosa gel against denture stomatitis: clinical report. Journal of Prosthodontics,24(7), 594-597. Full Article

ENDOMETRIOSIS

Neto, J. N., Coelho, T.M., Aguiar, G. C., Carvalho, L. R., de Araújo, A. G. P., Girão, M. J. B., & Schor, E. (2011). Experimental endometriosis reduction in rats treated with Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw)extract. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 154(2), 205-208. Full Article

HERPES

Caon, T., Kaiser, S.,Feltrin, C., de Carvalho, A., Sincero, T. C. M., Ortega, G. G., & Simões,C. M. O. (2014). Antimutagenic and antiherpetic activities of different preparations from Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 66, 30-35. Full Article

‍Hypertension

Araujo, L. C., Feitosa, K.B., Murata, G. M., Furigo, I. C., Teixeira, S. A., Lucena, C. F., ... & Bordin, S. (2018). Uncaria tomentosa improves insulin sensitivity and inflammation in experimental NAFLD. Scientific reports, 8(1), 11013. Full Article

Zhang, Q., Zhao, J. J., Xu,J., Feng, F., & Qu, W. (2015). Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 173, 48-80. Full Article

Hao, P. P., Jiang, F., Chen,Y. G., Yang, J., Zhang, K., Zhang, M. X., ... & Zhang, Y. (2015). Traditional Chinese medication for cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 12(2), 115. Full Article

Ranilla, L. G., Kwon, Y.I., Apostolidis, E., & Shetty, K. (2010). Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibitory potential against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and hypertension of commonly used medicinal plants, herbs and spices in Latin America. Bioresource technology, 101(12), 4676-4689. Full Article

Immune-mediated diseases (diabetes)                   

Layanne C C Arauj, Isadora C Furig, Gilson M Murata, J Donato Jr, Silvana Bordin, Rui Curi & Carla R O Carvalho (2017). The insulin resistance induced by obesity is reversed by Uncaria tomentosa through modulation of inflammatory pathway in the liver of mice. Journal of Diabetes and medicine, 8(10). Full Article

Domingues, A., Sartori, A., Golim, M. A., Valente, L. M. M., da Rosa, L. C., Ishikawa, L. L. W., ...& Viero, R. M. (2011). Prevention of experimental diabetes by Uncaria tomentosa extract: Th2 polarization, regulatory T cell preservation or both?. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 635-642. Full Article

Yessoufou,A., Gbenou, J., Grissa, O., Hichami, A., Simonin, A. M., Tabka, Z., ... & Khan, N. A. (2013). Anti-hyperglycemic effects of three medicinal plants in diabetic pregnancy: modulation of T cell proliferation. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13(1), 77. Full Article

Araujo, L. C., Feitosa,K. B., Murata, G. M., Furigo, I. C., Teixeira, S. A., Lucena, C. F., ... &Bordin, S. (2018). Uncaria tomentosa improves insulin sensitivity and inflammation in experimental NAFLD. Scientific reports, 8(1),11013. Full Article

Mahmoudian-Sani,M., Luther, T., Asadi-Samani, M., Saeedi-Boroujeni, A., & Gholamian, N.(2017). A new approach for treatment of type 1 diabetes: Phytotherapy and phytopharmacology of regulatory T cells. J Renal Inj Prev, 6(3),158-63. Full Article

Pane,Y. S., Ganie, R. A., Lindarto, D., & Lelo, A. (2018). The Effect of Gambier Extract on the Levels of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Asian J Pharm Clin Res,11(10), 121-124. Full Article

LEUKEMIA

Pilarski, R.,Poczekaj-Kostrzewska, M., Ciesiolka, D., Szyfter, K., & Gulewicz, K.(2007). Antiproliferative activity of various Uncaria tomentosa preparations on HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Pharmacological reports,59(5), 565. Full Article

LISTERIA

Eberlin, S., dos Santos,L. M., & Queiroz, M. L. (2005). Uncaria tomentosa extract increases the number of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. International Immunopharmacology, 5(7-8), 1235-1246. Full Article

Osteoarthritis

Piscoya, J., Rodriguez,Z., Bustamante, S. A., Okuhama, N. N., Miller, M. J. S., & Sandoval, M.(2001). Efficacy and safety of freeze-dried cat's claw in osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms of action of the species Uncaria guianensis. Inflammation Research, 50(9), 442-448. Full Article

Hardin,S. R. (2007). Cat's claw: an Amazonian vine decreases inflammation in osteoarthritis. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 13(1), 25-28. Full Article

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mur, E., Hartig, F.,Eibl, G., & Schirmer, M. (2002). Randomized double-blind trial of an extract from the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of Uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology,29(4), 678-681. Full Article

SKIN CANCER

Ciani, F., Tafuri, S.,Troiano, A., Cimmino, A., Fioretto, B. S., Guarino, A. M., ... & Calabrò,V. (2018). Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Uncaria tomentosa aqueous extract in squamous carcinoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 285-294. Full Article

THYROID CANCER

Rinner, B., Li, Z. X.,Haas, H., Siegl, V., Sturm, S., Stuppner, H., & Pfragner, R. (2009). Antiproliferative and pro-apoptoticeffects of Uncaria tomentosa in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Anticancer Research,29(11), 4519-4528. Full Article

TUMORS

Santos, K. F.,Gutierres, J. M., Pillat, M. M., Rissi, V. B., dos Santos Araújo, M. D. C.,Bertol, G., ... & Morsch, V. M. (2016). Uncaria tomentosa extract alters the catabolism of adenine nucleotides and expressionof ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 and P2X7 and A1 receptors in the MDA-MB-231cell line. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 108-116. Full Article

dePaula, L. C. L., Fonseca, F., Perazzo, F., Cruz, F. M., Cubero, D., Trufelli,D. C., ... & del Giglio, A. (2015). Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) improves quality of life in patients with advanced solid tumors. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(1), 22-30. Full Article

Dreifuss, A. A., Bastos-Pereira, A. L., Ávila, T. V., da Silva Soley, B., Rivero, A. J.,Aguilar, J. L., & Acco, A. (2010). Antitumoral and antioxidant effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) (Willd. Ex Roem. & Schult) in an in vivo carcinosarcoma model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130(1), 127-133. Full Article

Antileishmanial

Rocha, L. G., Almeida, J. R. G. S., Macedo, R. O., & Barbosa-Filho, J. M. (2005). A review of natural products with antileishmanial activity. Phytomedicine, 12(6-7), 514-535. Full Article

Various uses

Bourdy, G., DeWalt, S. J., De Michel, L. C., Roca, A., Deharo, E., Muñoz, V., ... & Gimenez, A. (2000). Medicinal plants uses of the Tacana, an Amazonian Bolivian ethnic group. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 70(2), 87-109. Full Article

ADJUNCTIVE TO CHEMOTHERAPY

Allen,L., Buckner, A., Buckner, C. A., Cano, P., & Lafrenie, R. M. (2017). Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC (Rubiaceae) sensitizes THP-1 cells to radiation-induced cell death. Pharmacognosy Research,9(3), 221. Full Article

Farias,I., do Carmo Araújo, M., Zimmermann, E. S., Dalmora, S. L., Benedetti, A. L.,Alvarez-Silva, M., ... & Schetinger, M. R. C. (2011). Uncaria tomentosa stimulates the proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 856-863. Full Article

Farias,I. L. G., Araújo, M. C. S., Farias, J. G., Rossato, L. V., Elsenbach, L. I.,Dalmora, S. L., ... & Schetinger, M. R. C.(2012). Uncariatomentosa for reducing side effects caused by chemotherapy in CRC patients: clinical trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. Full Article

ANTIBACTERIAL

Nowakowska,J., Bany, J., Zdanowska, D., Czubaj, A., Kuraś, M., & Skopińska-Różewska, E.(2009). Experimental Immunology: The effect of the bark water extract Uncaria tomentosa on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice. Central European Journal of Immunology, 34(3), 162-165. Full Article

Rodrigues, R. A., de Araujo, A. V., daCunha, R. M., & Carvalho, C. M. (2018). Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Uncfaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 12(15), 179-185. Full Article

ANTIFUNGAL

Moraes,R. C., Carvalho, A. R., Lana, A. J. D., Kaiser, S., Pippi, B., Fuentefria, A.M., & Ortega, G. G. (2017). In vitro synergism of a water insoluble fraction of Uncaria tomentosa combined with fluconazole and terbinafine against resistant non-Candida albicans isolates. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 406-415. Full Article

Moraes,R. C., Dalla Lana, A. J., Kaiser, S., Carvalho, A. R., de Oliveira, L. F. S., Fuentefria, A. M., & Ortega, G. G. (2015). Antifungal activity of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC against resistant non-albicans Candida isolates. Industrial Crops and Products,69, 7-14. Full Article

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Montserrat-dela Paz, S., Fernandez-Arche, A., de la Puerta, R., Quilez, A. M., Muriana, F.J., Garcia-Gimenez, M. D., & Bermudez, B. (2016). Mitraphylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils. Phytomedicine, 23(2), 141-148. Full Article

Rojas-Duran,R., González-Aspajo, G., Ruiz-Martel, C., Bourdy, G., Doroteo-Ortega, V. H.,Alban-Castillo, J., ... & Deharo, E. (2012). Anti-inflammatory activity of Mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(3),801-804. Full Article

Gonçalves,C., Dinis, T., & Batista, M. T. (2005). Antioxidant properties of proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa bark decoction: a mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemistry, 66(1), 89-98. Full Article

Allen-Hall,L., Cano, P., Arnason, J. T., Rojas, R., Lock, O., & Lafrenie, R. M.(2007). Treatment of THP-1 cells with Uncaria tomentosa extracts differentially regulates the expression if IL-1β and TNF-α. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 109(2), 312-317. Full Article

Aguilar, J. L., Rojas, P.,Marcelo, A., Plaza, A., Bauer, R., Reininger, E., ... & Merfort, I. (2002). Anti-inflammatory activity of two different extracts of Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81(2), 271-276. Full Article

Sandoval, M., Okuhama, N. N.,Zhang, X. J., Condezo, L. A., Lao, J., Angeles, F. M., ... & Miller, M. J.S. (2002). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are independent of their alkaloid content. Phytomedicine, 9(4),325-337. Full Article

Azevedo,B. C., Morel, L. J. F., Carmona, F., Cunha, T. M., Contini, S. H. T., Delprete, P. G., ... & Borges, M. C. (2018). Aqueous extracts from Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 218, 76-89. Full Article

ANTIGENOTOXIC AND ANTIMUTAGENIC

Paniagua‐Pérez, R., Madrigal‐Bujaidar, E., Molina‐Jasso, D., Reyes‐Cadena, S., Álvarez‐González, I., Sánchez‐Chapul, L., & Pérez‐Gallaga, J. (2009). Antigenotoxic, antioxidant, and lymphocyte induction effects produced by pteropodine. Basic & clinical pharmacology& toxicology, 104(3), 222-227. Full Article

ANTIMICROBIAL

Herrera,D. R., Tay, L. Y., Rezende, E. C., Kozlowski Jr, V. A., & dos Santos, E. B.(2010). In vitro antimicrobial activity of phytotherapic Uncaria tomentosa against endodontic pathogens. Journal of oral science,52(3), 473-476. Full Article

Ccahuana-Vasquez, R. A., Santos, S. S. F. D., Koga-Ito, C.Y., & Jorge, A. O. C. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of Uncaria tomentosa against oralhuman pathogens. Brazilian oral research, 21(1), 46-50. Full Article

ANTINEOPLASTIC

Dreifuss,A. A., Bastos-Pereira, A. L., Fabossi, I. A., dos Reis Lívero, F. A., Stolf, A.M., de Souza, C. E. A., ... & Teixeira, S. (2013). Uncaria tomentosa exerts extensive anti-neoplastic effects against the Walker-256 tumor by modulating oxidative stress and not by alkaloid activity. PLoS One, 8(2), e54618. Full Article

Rinner,B., Li, Z. X., Haas, H., Siegl, V., Sturm, S., Stuppner, H., & Pfragner, R.(2009). Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Uncaria tomentosa in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Anticancer research, 29(11), 4519-4528. Full Article

ANTIOXIDANT

Bukowska,B., Bors, M., Gulewicz, K., & Koter-Michalak, M. (2012). Uncaria tomentosa extracts protect human erythrocyte catalase against damage induced by 2, 4-D-Na and its metabolites. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(6), 2123-2127. Full Article

Amaral,S., Mira, L., Nogueira, J. M. F., da Silva, A. P., & Florêncio, M. H.(2009). Plant extracts with anti-inflammatory properties—A new approach for characterization of their bioactive compounds and establishment of structure-antioxidant activity relationships. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 17(5), 1876-1883. Full Article

Trejo‐Tapia, G., Sepúlveda‐Jiménez, G., Trejo‐Espino, J. L., Cerda‐García‐Rojas, C. M., De La Torre, M., Rodríguez‐Monroy, M., & Ramos‐Valdivia, A. C. (2007). Hydrodynamic stress induces monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloid accumulation by Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) DC cell suspension cultures via oxidative burst. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,98(1), 230-238. Full Article

Cisneros,F. J., Jayo, M., & Niedziela, L. (2005). An Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) extract protects mice against ozone-induced lung inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96(3), 355-364. Full Article

Navarro-Hoyos, M., Alvarado-Corella, D.,Moreira-Gonzalez, I., Arnaez-Serrano, E., & Monagas-Juan, M. (2018). Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa Bark and Leaves. Antioxidants, 7(5), 65. Full Article

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) SUPPORT

Kang,T. H., Matsumoto, K., Tohda, M., Murakami, Y., Takayama, H., Kitajima, M., ...& Watanabe, H. (2002). Pteropodine and isopteropodine positively modulate the function of rat muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocyte. European journal of pharmacology, 444(1-2), 39-45. Full Article

CYTOPROTECTIVE

Sandoval,M., Charbonnet, R. M., Okuhama, N. N., Roberts, J., Krenova, Z., Trentacosti,A. M., & Miller, M. J. (2000). Cat’s Claw inhibits TNFα production and scavenges free radicals: role in cytoprotection. Free Radical Biology and Medicine,29(1), 71-78. Full Article

IMMUNOMODULATING

Lozada-Requena,I., Núñez, C., Alvárez, Y., Kahn, L., & Aguilar, J. (2015). Lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells and cytokine profiles in mice with melanoma treated with Uncaria tomentosa. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica, 32(4), 633-642.(Spanish). Full Article

Núñez,C., Lozada-Requena, I., Ysmodes, T., Zegarra, D., Saldaña, F., & Aguilar,J. (2015). Immunomodulation of Uncaria tomentosa over dendritic cells, il-12 and profile TH1/TH2/TH17 in breast cancer. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica, 32(4), 643-651. Full Article

Montserrat-DeLa Paz, S., De la Puerta, R., Fernandez-Arche, A., Quilez, A. M., Muriana, F.J. G., Garcia-Gimenez, M. D., & Bermudez, B. (2015). Pharmacological effects of mitraphylline from Uncaria tomentosa in primary human monocytes: skew toward M2 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 170, 128-135. Full Article

Domingues,A., Sartori, A., Valente, L. M. M., Golim, M. A., Siani, A. C., & Viero, R.M. (2011). Uncaria tomentosa Aqueous‐ethanol Extract Triggers an Immunomodulation toward a Th2 Cytokine Profile. Phytotherapy Research, 25(8), 1229-1235. Full Article

Kang,T. H., Matsumoto, K., Tohda, M., Murakami, Y., Takayama, H., Kitajima, M., ...& Watanabe, H. (2002). Pteropodine and isopteropodine positively modulate the function of rat muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocyte. European Journal of Pharmacology,444(1-2), 39-45. Full Article

Karl-Heinz Reinhard (1999). Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) D.C.: Cat's Claw, Una de Gato, or Saventaro. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, pp. 143-151 Full Article

Painkiller

Jürgensen, S., DalBó, S., Angers, P.,Santos, A. R. S., & Ribeiro-do-Valle, R. M. (2005). Involvement of 5-HT2 receptors in the antinociceptive effect of Uncaria tomentosa. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 81(3), 466-477. Full Article

‍

Put 2 to 60 drops in 4 oz (120 mL) of water and wait one minute before drinking. Start with 2 drops (30 min before meals) increasing by 2 drops with each dose up to 60 drops, 2 times a day or as directed by physician