VITAMINS D3&K2

It is established in Japan that treatment with 1a-hydroxyvitamin D3 (alfacalcidol) slightly reduces bone turnover, sustains lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), and prevents osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, while vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) enhances ƒÁ-carboxylation of bone glutamic acid residues and secretion of osteocalcin, sustains lumbar BMD, and prevents osteoporotic fractures in patients with osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis can lead to spontaneous fractures in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is a useful marker for vitamin K insufficiency in osteoporosis. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with CP and vitamin K insufficiency

In women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, Vitamin K2 appears to decrease the incidence of hip, vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. Women with post-menopausal osteoporosis have more circulating activated T cells compared to healthy post-menopausal and pre-menopausal women, but the effects of Vitamin K2 on T-cells has not been studied. In this study, we have looked at T-cell suppression by Vitamin K2.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to be a major public health problem around the world that frequently presents with microvascular and macrovascular complications. Individuals with T2DM are not only suffering from significant emotional and physical misery, but also at increased risk of dying from severe complications.

The biological mechanisms behind the association between vitamin K (Vit K) and glucose metabolism are uncertain. We aimed to analyze the expression of insulin 1 (Ins 1), insulin 2 (Ins 2) and cyclin D2, the expression of adiponectin and UCP-1 .

Previous studies have established the anticancer efect of vitamin K2 (VK2). However, its efect on lymphoma induced by UBIAD1/heix mutation in Drosophila remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vivo model of lymphoma for the precise characterization of lymphoma phenotypes.

Included studies compared oral vitamin D3 supplementation with placebo, had research ethics approval, and prospectively collected data on ARTIs as a prespecified efficacy outcome.

Microglia become activated immune cells during infection or disease in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanisms that down regulate activated microglia to prevent immune-mediated damage are not completely understood.

In the past, vitamin D was known for its classical, skeletal action as a regulator of calcium and bone homoeostasis. Currently, vitamin D was found to have a role in numerous physiological processes in the human body; thus, vitamin D has pleiotropic activity.

Accumulating evidence has proposed a correlation between vitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Vitamin D associated effects on endothelial function have been suggested to be a possible culprit. The present study investigated the association of vitamin D3 treatment on markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension.

Aim To assess the tolerability and efficacy of high-dose vitamin D3 in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods This was a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D3 at 10,000 IU daily (n = 18) compared to 1000 IU daily (n = 16) for 12 months in patients with CD in remission. The primary outcome was change in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels. Secondary outcomes included clinical relapse rates and changes in mood scores.

Heavy training is associated with increased respiratory infection risk and antimicrobial proteins are important in defense against oral and respiratory tract infections. We examined the effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation (5000 IU/ day) on the resting plasma cathelicidin concentration and the salivary secretion rates of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cathelicidin, lactoferrin and lysozyme in athletes during a winter training period.